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Thirty years ago, Alfred Crosby published a small work that illuminated a simple point, that the most important changes brought on by the voyages of Columbus were not social or political, but biological in nature. The book told the story of how 1492 sparked the movement of organisms, both large and small, in both directions across the Atlantic. This Columbian exchange, between the Old World and the New, changed the history of our planet drastically and forever.

The book The Columbian Exchange changed the field of history drastically and forever as well. It has become one of the foundational works in the burgeoning field of environmental history, and it remains one of the canonical texts for the study of world history. This 30th anniversary edition of The Columbian Exchange includes a new preface from the author, reflecting on the book and its creation, and a new foreword by J. R. McNeill that demonstrates how Crosby established a brand new perspective for understanding ecological and social events. As the foreword indicates, The Columbian Exchange remains a vital book, a small work that contains within the inspiration for future examinations into what happens when two peoples, separated by time and space, finally meet.

• Sales Rank: #63742 in Books
• Published on: 2003-04-30
• Released on: 2003-04-30
• Format: Deluxe Edition
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.75" h x .71" w x 5.75" l, .90 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 320 pages

Review
Crosby put ecological history on the map. His pioneering text has awakened, inspired, and challenged a generation of readers. It will, undoubtedly, become more relevant as the pace of global exchange increases. - The Sixteenth Century Journal

The Columbian Exchange is a seminal, educational, and uniquely insightful contribution to Native American, Medical History, and World History Studies reference collections and reading lists. - Library Bookwatch

About the Author

Alfred W. Crosby, Jr. is professor emeritus of American studies, history, and geography at the University of Texas, Austin. He is the author of Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900–1900 (1986), America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918 (1989), The Measure of Reality: Quantification and Western Society, 1250–1600 (1997), and most recently Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology through History (2002).

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15 of 16 people found the following review helpful.
very important book
By M
Slim though it is, this is a powerful little book. This insightful study of the biological consequences of the great culture clash that began in 1492 changed the way I think about history and has proved to be a valuable reference. It is a must-read for anyone interested in anthropology, epidemiology, ecology or history.

29 of 31 people found the following review helpful.
when originally published, this analysis of consequences of biological exchange spawned volumes of further research
By Jeffrey L. Blackwell
Although only a large essay, Columbian Exchange was a paradigm shift in how Western historians view biological exchanges between Old & New World after 1492. Besides the exchange in human (mostly African) slaves which was the intended 1st leg of a nefarious Triangular Trade cycle between Old & New Worlds, Crosby also examines the unintended consequences of food crops, pathogens, domesticated animals, and commodity crops (rubber, cotton, etc.)

It concerns not only the cash crops (tobacco, sugar,coffee, rubber, cotton).

It also suggests the effect of pigs & horses which readily adapted to the New World. Horses transformed many Amerindian cultures into horse-centered cultures.

Many Old World plants & animals transformed the Americas(and Africa). Unintended 'hitchhikers' like smallpox & flu had the effect of a genocidal pandemic upon native Amerindian tribes.

New World species, especially potato, once they gained acceptance in Europe, became a staple of the poor, (Ireland & Russia).

Not emphasized by Crosby, many exotic New World specimens were returned to the Old World by natural scientists and the idea of natural selection was devised based upon evidence & specimens gathered in New World by European naturalists (i.e., Darwin's studies of finches of Galapagos)

These are a few of the effects of the Columbian Exchange. Crosby's work changed the way that historians and scientists understand the Age of Discovery.
I read this book 'after the fact', having become familiar with the exchanges by secondary, later sources. I am surprised that more scholarship hasn't pursued the effect of Dutch exchanges in Indonesia, British exchanges in India, etc which I would expect to have been as transformative as the Old World / Americas exchanges.

Note: This summary of important exchange species gives a sense of scale of exchanges (wikipedia)

Old World to New World
Domesticated animals
bee
cat
camel
CHICKEN
COW
goat
goose
honey bees
HORSE
rabbit (domestic)
PIG
rock pigeon
sheep
silkworm
water buffalo

New to Old
alpaca
guinea pig
llama
TURKEY

Domesticated plants Old to New
almond
APPLE
apricot
artichoke
asparagus
banana
barley
beet
black pepper
cabbage
cantaloupe
carrot
COFFEE
CITRUS (orange, lemon, etc.)
cucumber
eggplant
flax
garlic
hemp
kiwifruit
kola nut
lettuce
mango
millet
oat
okra
olive
ONION
OPIUM
peach
pea
pear
pistachio
radish
rhubarb
RICE
rye
soybean
SUGARCANE
taro
TEA
turnip
WHEAT
walnut (English)
watermelon

New to Old plants /crops
amaranth (as grain)
avocado
common beans (pinto, lima, kidney, etc.)
black raspberry
bell pepper
blueberry
cashew
chia
chicle
chirimoya
chili peppers
cranberries (large cranberry, or bearberry species)
coca
COCOA
COTTON(long staple species)
CORN
guava (common)
huckleberry
jicama
maize (corn)
manioc (cassava, tapioca, yuca)
marijuana
papaya
peanut
pecan
pineapple
POTATO
pumpkin
quinoa
RUBBER
squash
strawberry (commercial varieties)
sunflower
sweet potato
TOBACCO
tomato
vanilla
zucchini

Infectious diseases Old to New
bubonic plague
chicken pox
CHOLERA
FLUs
leprosy
MALARIA
measles
scarlet fever
SMALLPOX
typhoid
typhus
YELLOW FEVER
yaws

New to Old pathogens
SYPHILLIS
yaws

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Spectacularly written and a perspective changer. I had to ...
By leebo
Spectacularly written and a perspective changer. I had to read this book in graduate in a seminar entitled "Environmental History of Latin America." It obliterated many of the previous notions I had concerning the method in which the Spanish conquered the Americas. Crosby brute-fully and ingeniously asserts that the conquerors from the old world, accompanied by their weapons, animals, ideals, and most importantly (with their most devastating cohort) disease, that their landing on the shores of the New World were akin to an asteroid slamming into it and catastrophically modifying it for the rest of human history. Whoa.

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As a great master of the early Renaissance, Piero della Francesca created paintings for ecclesiastics, confaternities, and illustrious nobles throughout the Italian peninsula. Since the early twentieth century, the rational space, abstract designs, lucid illumination and naturalistic details of his pictures have attracted wide audiences. Piero's treatises on mathematics and perspective fascinate scholars in a wide range of disciplines. This Companion brings together new essays that offer a synthesis and overview of Piero's life and accomplishments as a painter and theoretician.

• Sales Rank: #2812785 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
• Published on: 2002-05-20
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.96" h x .63" w x 6.97" l, 1.36 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 310 pages

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Review
"The Cambridge University Press is to be congratulated for making available in English these fine studies of great and influential early Italian Renaissance artists...will be the standard by which other works on these artists will be judged." Aaron W. Godfrey, Stony Brook University

"A wide-ranging and stimulating compendium. [Essays] are written by eminent scholars and yield a rich picture of Piero's life and art." Confraternitas

"Authors have commendably reviewed a vast literature on the painter, and several of them offer interesting interpretations of his works." Sixteenth Century Journal

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• Sales Rank: #4325683 in Books
• Published on: 2013-04-09
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.00" h x .46" w x 5.25" l, .48 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
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• Sales Rank: #979409 in Books
• Published on: 2006-10-03
• Ingredients: Example Ingredients
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.75" h x 5.75" w x 1.00" l, 1.65 pounds
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This volume captures beautifully the constant and fateful interaction between state and civil society in all its variety and complexity. Each of the book s learned and resourceful contributors brings analytical power and thoughtful reflection to a different dimension of this fast-shifting story of public-private engagement. ―John Simon, Augustus Lines Professor of Law, Yale Law School, and Founding Director, Yale University Program on Nonprofit Organizations

About the Author
Elizabeth T. Boris is the director of the Center on Nonprofits and Philanthropy at the Urban Institute. She is the author of many research publications and articles on philanthropy and nonprofits, including "Philanthropic Foundations in the United States: An Introduction." She was the founding director of the Nonprofit Sector Research Fund at the Aspen Institute from 1991 to 1996.

C. Eugene Steuerle is a senior fellow at the Urban Institute and author of a weekly column, "Economic Perspective," for Tax Notes magazine. He is the author of seven books, more than 125 reports and articles, and approximately 500 columns and 40 Congressional testimonies or reports. His research on charity and philanthropy includes studies on the patterns of giving by the wealthy (for the Council on Foundations), the effect of taxes on charitable giving, payout rates for foundations (for the Filer Commission), unrelated business income taxes, and ways of simplifying and reforming tax rules for charitable contributions

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1 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Easy and as Expected
By Renee J. Swift
The book came quickly and as expectd. The book is an easy read which is always good for school and a textbook.

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An audacious jewel heist. A murdered actress. A killer case for NYPD Red.

In a city where crime never sleeps, NYPD Red is the elite task force called in only when a case involves the rich, famous, and connected. Detective Zach Jordan and his partner, Kylie MacDonald--the woman who broke his heart at the police academy--are the best of the best, brilliant and tireless investigators who will stop at nothing to catch a criminal, even if it means antagonizing the same high-flying citizens they're supposed to be helping.

When a glitzy movie premiere is the scene of a shocking murder and high-stakes robbery, NYPD Red gets the call. Traversing the city's highs and lows, from celebrity penthouses to the depths of Manhattan's criminal underworld, Zach and Kylie have to find a cold-blooded killer--before he strikes again.

NYPD Red 4 is the next sensational thriller by James Patterson, the #1 bestselling crime writer of all time.

• Sales Rank: #10680 in Books
• Published on: 2016-07-05
• Released on: 2016-07-05
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.13" h x 1.00" w x 5.25" l, .0 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 368 pages

About the Author
James Patterson has had more New York Times bestsellers than any other writer, ever, according to Guinness World Records. Since his first novel won the Edgar Award in 1977 James Patterson's books have sold more than 300 million copies. He is the author of the Alex Cross novels, the most popular detective series of the past twenty-five years, including Kiss the Girls and Along Came a Spider. He writes full-time and lives in Florida with his family.

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5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Ho Hum
By Mountain Marm
There is little to be said for such a cliche-ridden plot filled with stereotypical characters. The plot is hard to follow. It changes speakers and points of view suddenly and without warning. Zach Jordan and Kylie MacDonald were an item when they were in the New York police academy and find themselves partnered for a special ops project in a unit, NYPD Red, dedicated to protecting the rich and famous. Of course, that relationship creates problems even though Kylie is married, it so happens, to a Hollywood golden boy and that they are tasked with keeping visiting Hollywood royalty safe. Things go wrong as the bodies start dropping and dropping and dropping... It seems that a Hollywood reject has decided to exact revent in several creative ways and leads the NYPD on a merry chase, each murder getting more horrendous, until the ultimate victim's number comes up.

Jordan and MacDonald can't escape their previous relationship, and they can't follow department rules. They make them up as they go along. What they get away with would get any other law enforcement officer fired and probably arrested. It's Mr. Toad's wild ride for the reader, who has to hold on with both hands and try to keep up with the disfunctional plot and constant changes in points of view, while keeping track of the emotional roller coaster Jordan and MacDonald ride through it all. If what you want is escapism, simply keeping up with this would guarantee a trip to another reality. If you are looking for a good plot with three dimensional characters who interact with some degree of normality, this is not the book for you.

16 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
POSSIBLY THE BEST ONE YET
By Melody Lee
A little love, a little hate, a little conniving, a lot of murder, lies, deception, and police work go into making this the best NYPD Red book so far. It's great when you know the primary characters, know what good cops they are, and how well they work together, but still have to figure how who the villains are.

James Patterson does an excellent job of keeping McDonald and Jordan "just partners" when there's obviously more below the surface and in their past. He writes a great story that keeps you guessing as to who the culprit is and the why. He's also able to add a couple of short side stories in without making everything seem jumbled and mixed up. It's easy keeping up with everyone and everything going on.

I highly recommend this book and can't wait for the next NYPD Red.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
A page turner at the very least
By S. Warfield
James Patterson's "NYPD Red" is the story of a special task force of the New York Police Department that looks out for the A-Listers who come to the city. Movie actors, producers, directors and other celebrities who need a bit of special protection are their assignments. Detectives Zach Jordan and Kylie Macdonald have their work cut out for them as partners when New York hosts "Hollywood on the Hudson" where beautiful actresses arrive on the red carpet along with TV and movie-making people who are famous around the world. There are showings of movies, interviews and all that viewers and attendees want to see. New York City is in the process of trying to recruit some of the entertainment business to their city from Los Angeles where most of it resides. NYC would love to lure some of the glitz and glamour for their own.

All goes well until a well-known producer dies during his breakfast. Zach Jordan is the first cop on the scene from the NYPD Red unit and his partner, ex-girlfriend, Kylie Macdonald, is soon on the case, too. They can't afford to make mistakes on cases like this, so they go to work on the investigation. The killing doesn't stop here, though. As they team up and search for a deranged killer who has a plan all his own, it becomes more and more dangerous for those at the event, as well as for Zach and Kylie.

This is a thriller full of suspense and never knowing what will happen next. There is a lot of action and the ending is an edge-of-your-seat finish to a book that doesn't let the reader relax for a minute.

James Patterson has done an excellent job with this one, character-wise and story-wise. The dialogue is good and it is well-paced. Recommended for suspense/thriller/mystery readers.

I'm looking forward to reading NYPD Red 2.

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This new edition adapts Speak Up to the emerging world of virtual meetings, vlogs, digital platforms, and e-learning with new coverage throughout that helps students develop and deliver presentations online. Speak Up takes advantage of the media by integrating speech video and assessment right into the book, modeling techniques and helping students apply their knowledge to their own speeches. Access is automatic and includes more than 200 video clips, the largest library available. Even better, students get all of this at less than half the price of competing texts. See what's in the LaunchPad

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Cognition uses the best of current research to help students think like psychologists and understand how cognitive psychology is relevant to their lives. The Fifth Edition offers a streamlined presentation, introduces an attractive new full-color design and an expanded art program, and has been thoughtfully updated with the best of current research.

• Sales Rank: #2156373 in Books
• Published on: 2013
• Binding: Loose Leaf
• 526 pages

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Taylor Markham is now a senior at the Jellicoe School, and has been made leader of the boarders. She is responsible for keeping the upper hand in the territory wars with the townies, and the cadets who camp on the edge of the school's property over summer. She has to keep her students safe and the territories enforced and to deal with Jonah Griggs - the leader of the cadets and someone she'd rather forget. But what she needs to do, more than anything, is unravel the mystery of her past and find her mother - who abandoned her on the Jellicoe Road six years before. The only connection to her past, Hannah, the woman who found her, has now disappeared, too, and the only clue Taylor has about Hannah and her mother's past is a partially written manuscript about a group of five kids from the Jellicoe School, twenty years ago.

• Sales Rank: #27995 in Audible
• Published on: 2009-02-09
• Format: Unabridged
• Original language: English
• Running time: 533 minutes

From School Library Journal
Grade 8 Up—For years, three factions—Townies, Cadets (city kids doing a six-week outdoor education program), and Jellicoe School students—have engaged in teen war games in the Australian countryside, defending territorial borders, negotiating for assets, and even taking hostages. Taylor Markham, a 17-year-old who was abandoned years ago by her mother, takes on leadership of the boarding school's six Houses. Plagued with doubts about being boss, she's not sure she can handle her Cadet counterpart, Jonah Griggs, whom she met several years before while running away to find her mother. When Hannah, a sort of house mother who has taken Taylor under her wing, disappears, Taylor puzzles over the book manuscript the woman left behind. Hannah's tale involves a tragic car accident on the Jellicoe Road more than 20 years earlier. Only three children survived, and Taylor discovers that this trio, plus a Cadet and a Townie, developed an epic friendship that was the foundation of the many mysteries in her life and identity, as well as of the war games. While the novel might put off casual readers, patient, thoughtful teens will remain to extract clues from the interwoven scraps of Hannah's narrative, just as Taylor does, all the while seeing the collapse of the barriers erected among the three groups over the years. Elegiac passages and a complex structure create a somewhat dense, melancholic narrative with elements of romance, mystery, and realistic fiction.—Suzanne Gordon, Peachtree Ridge High School, Suwanee, GA
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

From Booklist
Taylor Markham isn’t just one of the new student leaders of her boarding school, she’s also the heir to the Underground Community, one of three battling school factions in her small Australian community (the others being the Cadets and the Townies). For a generation, these three camps have fought “the territory wars,” a deadly serious negotiation of land and property rife with surprise attacks, diplomatic immunities, and physical violence. Only this year, it’s complicated: Taylor might just have a thing for Cadet leader Jonah, and Jonah might just be the key to unlocking the secret identity of Taylor’s mother, who abandoned her when she was 11. In fact, nearly every relationship in Taylor’s life has unexpected ties to her past, and the continual series of revelations is both the book’s strength and weakness; the melodrama can be trying, but when Marchetta isn’t forcing epiphanies, she has a knack for nuanced characterizations and punchy dialogue. The complexity of the backstory will be offputting to younger readers, but those who stick it out will find rewards in the heartbreaking twists of Marchetta’s saga. Grades 9-12. --Daniel Kraus

Review
This roller coaster ride of a novel grabs you from the first sentence and doesn t let go. You may not be sure where the ride will take you, but every detail from the complexities of the dual narrative to the pangs of first love is pitch perfect. --Printz Award Committee Chair Mary Arnold.

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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Life changing
By Dorothy
2 words: Brilliant. Masterpiece. There literally aren't enough stars in this galaxy to rate this book on any kind of star scale. Simply put, I give this an infinite star rating.

Where do I even begin? Let's start with the brilliant story structure. The weaving of the past into the present was absolute perfection, and the creation of such a past left me breathless. Five kids, who form an incredible, intense friendship over the most tragic incident, become inseparable because they save each other's lives, metaphorically and literally. There's a trillion things to love about every character. Every single one of them. I fell so hard in love with all of them; I ache for them even. I don't even know what it means to "ache" for someone you've never met, but I know now. Marchetta brings these paper dolls to life, and it's absolutely mental how beautifully nostalgic this friendship is. The setting of Jellicoe Road, the lazy summer days by the river, the sense of belonging, or long to be, as Webb would say. My words can't do it justice. As much as I loved the main story in the present, with Taylor and the territory wars, I could never shake off the goosebumps I felt reading the story of the past, of the five inseparable friends who saved each others lives, over and over and over again.

Marchetta writes tragedy and grief and redemption the way no one in the entire world can. She wrote it in a way that creeps and unfolds into you slowly, making residence in every single crevice of your heart until there's no more room and then it just drowns you with mind blowing goosebumps. I couldn't even cry, though I would have liked to. Instead, I experienced a strange sensation, in which goosebumps took over so much of my body that it hurt.

This book is my entire world. No one can ever take this away from me. I tuck it so deeply into my heart, and I feel so proud that I can carry this around with no one ever knowing what beauty lies in there. When I'm feeling alone, I will think about Jonah and Taylor and the five friends, and everything will be okay, I know it. It makes my heart soar every time I think about it. It's like nothing I've felt before. To think that a book can do that blows my mind, but Marchetta's writing has absolutely stolen my heart. '

I just want to scream at the top of my lungs about how everyone should read this. It will bring world peace!

I immediately bought a copy online, which I've never in my entire life done so fast before. Thank goodness for Amazon Prime!

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Heartbreaking & beautiful
By Pam I Am
Wow, this is a pretty incredible story. It's a YA coming-of-age tale set in Australia, but no adult should allow that to put them off from reading this; it is not a kids story. It's complicated & heartbreaking & beautiful & full of grief & full of love.

It's a tale about two different sets of teens, separated by more than 22 years & connected by tragedy. There's a lot of tragedy in this story. There are secrets & mysteries to be solved. There's a lot about death & despair & anger & fear. But there's also a lot about hope & forgiveness, friendship & unbreakable bonds, and life. And despite the heavy subject matter, there's a fair a fair amount of humor.

But mostly I think what this story is about, is love. About the fact that loving is worth the terrible price you pay for it in pain when you lose someone. And that the love you give to people lives on in their lives even after you're gone.

Here's one of my favorite quotes from this book: "It's funny how you can forget everything except people loving you. Maybe that's why humans find it so hard getting over love affairs. It's not the pain they're getting over, it's the love."

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
AMAZING says it all
By Robin Snyder
It amazes me the way the Malina Marchette can build and intertwine the lives of the people in her story. Every character is rich and three-dimensional, she makes you care about all of them. Not one of them is perfect, each is flawed and they seem so real that it is hard to remember sometimes you are just in the middle of a story. They all have pasts, presents and futures that are never simple, each is rich and you feel like you know them and that maybe you will carry those people around with you forever.

-- “We were playing Rock, Paper, Scissors," she told him once. "I was paper and she was rock so I lived and she died.”

Sometimes it is as simple as that, one tiny everyday thing will change your life forever. Sometimes one event will bind you to someone or a group of people for the rest of your lives. Jellicoe Road is the story of two such groups of people.

The story is told in two parts and although I was a little confused at the beginning it all flushes out beautifully so just ride with it. First there is the story of Webb, Narnie, Tate, Jude and Fitz and how they met and became friends all on the Jellicoe Road. The Second is about Taylor whose mother left her at a 7-11 on the Jellicoe Road seven years ago. Taylor goes to the Jellicoe school and every year for 6 weeks there is a turf war between the Jellicoe School, Town Kids and some Cadets. As the story is revealed little by little you see how everything is connected and you take the journey with Taylor from a girl who was once abandoned, to a girl who finds a home, friends and her place in the world.

The writing of the book is so beautiful that I believe I have more marks and highlights in this book than any other I’ve ever read. The story of the 5 kids who met on the Jellicoe road is disastrously beautiful tying in with Taylor’s story

-- “Instinct tells me to go to Hannah's, but she doesn't live there anymore and that's when I realize the major difference between my mother and Hannah. My mother deserted me at the 7-Eleven, hundred of kilometers away from home.
Hannah, however, did the unforgivable.
She deserted me in our own backyard.”

Taylor feels so abandoned and alone, she keeps everyone at a distance because when people get too close that is when she gets hurt the most. That is the lesson her mother taught her. She is so prickly but you honestly want to just protect her character because already at 17 she has been through more than most people go through in a lifetime. As the turf war starts with the Cadet’s and Townies we get to meet a few other characters. Griggs and Taylor have a past of sorts and it seems their journey together might not be over yet. Griggs in a way was just as broken as Taylor, but she helped him in a way she doesn’t even know in a way that will bind them forever.

-- “He stops and looks at me. 'I'm here because of you. You're my priority. Your happiness, in some messed up way, is tuned in to mine. Get that through your thick skull. Would I like it any other way? Hell, yes, but I don't think that will be happening in my lifetime.”

Every character burns so bright and they all have fantastic dialogue that seems so natural. I love Griggs back story and how he and Taylor originally met. I couldn’t stop reading and even though I flushed out how parts of the stories intertwined together there are still plenty of surprises that I did not see coming. I wanted to wrap Taylor and Griggs together in bubble wrap and protect them from the world. I hoped for many of the other characters and their story lines.

I was emotional and even characters that I didn’t think I would forgive for the parts they played in the story Marchetta was able to give me a different view and when you see the whole picture I found empathy and understanding for them. This is a book that the words and the characters will really stick with you. That when not if you read it again you will see all the beauty and hope that lives even through tragedy

-- “When it was over, she gathered him in her arms. And told him the terrible irony of her life.
That she had wanted to be dead all those years while her brother had been alive. That had been her sin.
And this was her penance.
Wanting to live when everyone else seemed dead.”

Marchetta is a master at what many authors try to do but most don’t accomplish. She makes you live the story. She doesn’t tell you what happens, she shows you everything, makes you feel it along with the characters. She is quickly becoming one of my favorite authors of all time.

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[X209.Ebook] Download Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life, by William H. McNeill

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Arnold Toynbee was one of the most remarkable thinkers of the 20th century, a man of far-reaching imagination, extraordinary erudition, and an infinite capacity for hard work. At the height of his fame, he was the most renowned scholar in the world, acclaimed as the author of the monumental, 10-volume A Study of History. Indeed, such was the regard for his Study that Time magazine, in a cover article on Toynbee published in 1947, declared that he had found history Ptolemaic and left it Copernican.
In Arnold Toynbee: A Life, William H. McNeill weaves together Toynbee's intellectual accomplishments and the personal difficulties of his private life, providing both an intimate portrait of a leading thinker and a judicious evaluation of Toynbee's work and his legacy for the study of history. McNeill illuminates the strengths and weaknesses of A Study of History as well as the countless other works penned by this prolific writer, examining the responses of other historians (including the devastating attack mounted by Hugh Trevor Roper) and Toynbee's attempts to modify his Study to answer these criticisms. And McNeill also examines Toynbee's tormented personal life, including his troubled marriage to Rosalind Murray (the daughter of Gilbert Murray), and the suicide of his son Anthony. What emerges is both poignant and thought-provoking, a biography and a commentary about how history is written and how it should be pursued.
William McNeill is one of America's most eminent historians, the winner of a National Book Award in 1964 for The Rise of the West, which The New York Times Book Review called the most learned...the most intelligent...the most stimulating and fascinating bookthat has ever set out to recount and explain the whole history of the world. In this sympathetic portrait of a life both triumphant and troubled, McNeill brings his skills to bear on one of the greatest figures in his field, illuminating a career of rare accomplishment.

• Sales Rank: #5417215 in Books
• Brand: Brand: ACLS Humanities E-Book
• Published on: 2009-01-19
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.02" h x .94" w x 5.98" l, 1.47 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 360 pages

Features

• Used Book in Good Condition

From Publishers Weekly
During the 1950s, Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975) was perhaps the world's best-known living historian; his crowning achievement was the Study of History , which in condensed form became a bestseller. As this sympathetic critical biography shows, Toynbee was a man of many contradictions: he favored a U.N. but believed peace was more likely to be achieved under a world empire. Although his global and prophetic vision was widely and vigorously attacked, Toynbee continued his scholarly activities and in lectures cast doubt on the viability of democracy, reproached Americans for their affluence, endorsed revolutions in Latin America and deplored Christianity's arrogance and intolerance. A shy man, with an almost pathological fear of running out of money, Toynbee endured the suicide of his son Anthony and saw his last years marred by difficulties with his first wife and his oldest son, Philip. According to McNeill ( Rise of the West ), Toynbee extended knowledge beyond the limits set by other historians, but his work is poetic in essence and ought to be evaluated as such. By weaving together Toynbee's thought and times this clear-sighted book may help restore the historian's reputation. Photos.
Copyright 1989 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Library Journal
It is a rare treat when one eminent historian writes a life of another, and when two of the 20th-century's great practitioners of the craft are author and subject, it is potential cause for rejoicing. This book realizes that potential, in spades. Poignant and perceptive, it reveals the man, with his all too human frailties, who was behind A Study of History . Along with a sympathetic portrait of a troubled individual is an expedition of revelation into the strengths, weaknesses, and impact of his published work. This is the biographer's art brought to lofty heights, and no historian, or for that matter general reader, can fail to be moved by this book. Highly recommended.
- James A. Casada, Winthrop Coll . , Rock Hill, S.C.
Copyright 1989 Reed Business Information, Inc.

About the Author
William H. McNeill (1917 2016) was emeritus professor of history at the University of Chicago. He is best known for The Rise of the West which won the National Book Award for history and biography in 1963.

Most helpful customer reviews

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
His non-Eurocentric ideas are relevant today
By Igor Biryukov
When Henry Luce [a magazine publisher who was called "the most influential private citizen in the America of his day"] met Toynbee in New York in 1942 he was very impressed. In March 1947 Henry Luce put Toynbee's picture on the cover of Time magazine. The enthusiasm Luce and the American establishment developed for Toynbee's ideas suited the American public. They needed guidance in a puzzling postwar world where Russia, a wartime friend and ally, suddenly turned into a potential enemy, while Germany and Japan, the nation's wartime enemies, became, if not friends at least dependants requiring American protection. Traditional U.S. attitudes towards Britain and China, too, were in urgent need of re-definition. The Americans who embraced Toynbee's wisdom and accepted his guidance were, in effect, opting for a special relation between their country and Great Britain.

"America's decision to adopt Rome's role has been deliberate" said Toynbee during an influential series of lectures delivered during the 60s. The United States, like Rome, was "leader of world-wide anti-revolutionary movement in defence of vested interests." By that time [1960s] his popularity in American had waned. The statements above played a role.

This book was written by a brilliant historian -- William McNeill has an excellent reputation. He does a good job illuminating Toynbee's life, explaining his ideas, reversals of his fortunes in America, and what generally made this tragic man "tick". [Toynbee's life was undoubtedly tragic: his father became mad in his early life, one of his sons shot and killed himself, his wife left him for a much younger man, etc. All this is in the book and in great detail.]

After I started reading Toynbee's "A Study of History" - a difficult book - I had to pause and to read something about Toynbee himself. Who was this guy? I was intrigued. I was interested in the man and origins of his ideas more than in the Toynbee's book. "A Study of History" is tough going. It is neither history nor a study. It is a vast essay on the subject of Philosophy of History supported by a vast miscellany of information. Too much information, if I might add. What I liked, though, was his repudiation of Eurocentrism. But Toynbee is a system-builder, and I don't believe in systems. On the other hand, he is a healthy antidote to a crude version of Mackinderesque geopolitical crackpot realism which is again becoming fashionable in the West.

If there is a weakness in McNeill's book, it would be his hesitation to in figuring out the sources of Toynbee's ideas. Spengler, of course, but also, strangely, a French philosopher Henry Bergson among them. McNeill doesn't go into it much. Toynbee considered the moving force in a civilization's development to be the "creative minority". He defined "creative minority" as the bearer of the mystical "elan vital". This concept of "elan vital" Toynbee borrowed from Bergson. Toynbee also believed in primacy of intuition, which is also something he shared with Bergson. This is a first-rate book about a very interesting man whose ideas, I believe, are still relevant today. I recommend it.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
professional and well-written Oxford Press bio of 'clash of civilisations' historian, Toynbee
By White Rabbit
pricing was extremely good at time of review, but even outside this issue a 4/5 biography, smooth and well-researched. 1/4th footnotes.

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Splendidly Researched and Written Biography
By Peter Ramming
Arnold J. Toynbee's reputation precedes him rather formidably. Like the Church Fathers Origen and St. Augustine, or modern thinkers such as Immanuel Kant and Sigmund Freud, Toynbee was a man of the highest learning whose immense body of written scholarship is likely seminal in many aspects, but which, due to its massive size, can seem quite intimidating to the average reader who wants to get an idea of the nature of Toynbee's work. Sometimes it can seem easier to begin with a good biography of such influential scholars. For Toynbee, the interested reader has the great good fortune to have at his fingertips William H. McNeill's extraordinary biography, "Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life."
Toynbee was many things in his 86 years: inheritor of a distinguished surname whose family's tight financial circumstances and father's nervous breakdown and institutionalization spurred the young Toynbee to win scholarships to Winchester and then to Oxford; a superb classicist who nevertheless did not succeed as a teacher at Oxford or the University of London; a British government functionary during WWI and at the Paris Peace Conference, and sometime journalist in postwar Anatolia, who came back to London to help found and head Chatham House; primary author through the 1920s and '30s of Chatham House's annual survey of world political affairs; author of the ten-volume "A Study of History" which became a surprise best-seller and established his reputation in Britain and the United States as a great public wise man; and author throughout his life of a continuous cascade of lectures, books, and scholarly tomes.
William H. McNeill (who, amazingly, I had never read prior to this) is a biographer of the highest order, and this book is a delight to read. McNeill had met Toynbee numerous times and had even contributed a section to Chatham House's multi-volume account of WWII before being approached by Toynbee's heirs about writing this biography. McNeill was given access to all of Toynbee's extant papers and correspondence and, in addition to Toynbee's published works, he has assiduously mined these personal materials to create a rich and convincing narrative of of Toynbee's life in both its external and internal aspects. Ever the meticulous historian and with an eye to his future biographers, Toynbee saved as many personal documents as he could, even when their contents were painful and embarrassing, and McNeill's skills as a researcher and writer make the most of these sources.
Toynbee was doted on by his religious mother and two younger sisters and developed a desire for fawning female attention that was not always reciprocated in his adult life. He was a scholarly loner who from a young age developed an immense capacity for hard work that stayed with him through his last years. Unsurprisingly, Toynbee's family life suffered from his work habits, and Toynbee was never fully at ease as a father to his three sons. Toynbee adored his first wife, Rosalind Murray (the daughter of his Oxford mentor and life-long confidant, Regius Professor of Greek Gilbert Murray), but she never felt a similar passion and sought a divorce in 1946. This was one of many agonies Toynbee endured in his life in addition to his oldest son Tony's suicide in 1939 and a brief frustrated romantic infatuation in 1929. In response to these personal crises of 1929 and 1939, Toynbee each time found himself undergoing a mystical experience in which he became convinced that a divine presence was sustaining him, and both times Toynbee expressed his deepest emotional stirrings by composing poems in ancient Greek. McNeill has had these two poems translated and helpfully provides the translations to the reader.
From a young age Toynbee's interest in the Byzantine Empire and the Near East led him to consider the histories of such non-Western civilizations as Persia, the Arab and Ottoman Empires, India, China, Japan, and the pre-Columbian Americas in their own rights and not as mere subordinates of Europe. This more complete world-view comes to its fruition in the eventual twelve volumes of "A Study of History," in which Toynbee discerns a cycle of rise and fall of civilizations throughout recorded human history. Attuned to his Anglican upbringing and personal spiritual crises of 1929 and 1939, Toynbee also saw the hand of God in human history. Toynbee's thesis had a vogue in the 1930s-50s, but began to be more sharply criticized beginning in the 1960s. However, Toynbee's formidable erudition cannot be glibly dismissed, and many of his historical observations remain cogent and sound. William H. McNeill is a historian whose achievement approaches Toynbee's in scope and depth, and this wonderfully written biography provides an exceptional introduction to the life and thought of Arnold J. Toynbee.

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